KEYNOTE ADDRESSES
2023 (April). “The Maximalization of Events.” International Workshop on Maximalization Strategies in the Event Domain, University of Debrecen, Hungary.
2022 (November). “The Maximalization of Events.” International Semantics Conference 22. In honorem Professor Fátima Maria Oliveira, Centre of Linguistics, University of Porto, Portugal.
2021 (September). “On the Separation of Genericity From Imperfectivity.” Formal Diachronic Semantics 6, University of Cologne.
2019 (November). “Genericity with Epistemic Effects.” The 6th International Conference on Grammar and Text. School of Social Sciences and Humanities of NOVA University Lisbon, Portugal.
2019 (March). “Genericity and Epistemic Attitudes.” The 20th Szklarska Poręba Workshop on the Roots of Pragmasemantics, Szklarska Poręba, Poland.
2018 (November). “Coercion: Container, Portion and Measure Interpretations of Pseudo-Partitives.” OASIS (Ontology As Structured by the Interfaces with Semantics), CNRS Pouchet, Paris, France.
2018 (October). “Characterizing Genericity and Epistemic Commitments.” The workshop on Formal Semantics and Its Interfaces, Faculty of Humanities, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
2018 (June). “Event Individuation via Derived Measurement.” Aspect and Argument Structure of Adverbs and Preposition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
2013 (December). “Slavic Aspect: A Constantly Moving Goal.” The 10th European Conference on Formal Description of Slavic Languages (FDSL-10), University of Leipzig, Germany.
2010 (April). “Two Models for Characterizing Genericity?” The 19th Conference on Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics, University of Maryland, USA.
2009 (February). “Parts and wholes in the semantics of aspect.” Conference on The Czech Language in Formal Grammar. Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
2008 (December). “Individuation, Quantification and Aspect.” The 7th Conference on Formal Description of Slavic Languages (mid-year session). The Independent University of Moscow. Moscow, Russian Federation.
2004 (June). “Measures and Indefinites.” The 20th Annual Meeting of the Israel Association for Theoretical Linguistics. Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
2001 (December). “Aspect, Eventuality Types and NP Semantics in Slavic Languages.” Conference on Perspectives on Aspect. Main organizer: Henk Verkuyl, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
INVITED LECTURES
2023 (September). “Coercion interpretations of numerical NPs with mass nouns” (joint work with Peter Sutton). Centre of Linguistics, University of Porto, Portugal.
2020 (January). “Measuring and Counting for Noun and Verb Meanings.” Workshop Nominal and verbal aspect: parallels, interfaces, complementarity, University of Tübingen, Germany.
2019 (October). “Suspicious Minds: Genericity with Epistemic Effects.” University of Ostrava, Czech Republic.
2019 (September). “Informational Object Nouns and the Mass/Count Distinction” (with Peter R. Sutton). University of Vienna, Austria.
2018 (January). “Individuation, Context and the Mass/Count Distinction” (based on the joint work with Peter R. Sutton). OASIS Network Workshop: Nominal phrase meaning, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Leibniz-ZAS, Berlin, Germany.
2017 (November). “Singular Count NPs in Measure Constructions” (based on the joint work with Peter R. Sutton). Colloquium talk, Department of Linguistics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
2017 (September). “Singular Count NPs in Measure Constructions” (based on the joint work with Peter R. Sutton). Semantics Workshop, Organizer: Susan Rothstein, Department of English/Gonda Brain Research Centre, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
2016 (November). “Mass/Count Variation: A Two-Dimensional Semantics.” Colloquium talk (based on the joint work with Peter R. Sutton). Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
2016 (September). “Restrictions on Subkind Coercion in Superordinate Object Mass Nouns” (based on the joint work with Peter R. Sutton). Semantics Workshop. Organizer: Susan Rothstein, Department of English, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
2015 (October). Department of Linguistics, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia. Five lectures on aspect, genericity and the mass/count distinction. Moscow, Russian Federation.
2015 (July). “Grammaticalization of Generic Markers.” Workshop on Habituality and Genericity in Flux, at the 22nd International Conference on Historical Linguistics, University of Naples, Italy.
2014 (March). “Generics and Habitual Markers.” Workshop on Slavic Linguistics organized by Susan Rothstein, Department of English/Gonda Brain Research Centre, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
2014 (March). “Characterizing Genericity.” Colloquium talk, Department of Linguistics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
2014 (March). “Weak and Strong Telicity.” Workshop on Identification and Delimitation of Events (DelimitEvent), organized by Lucia Tovena and Marta Donazzan with the support of the Fédération Typologie et Universaux Linguistiques (FR 2559), Université Paris 7, UFR de Linguistique, Paris, France.
2014 (February). “Habituals and Genericity.” Colloquium talk, Department of Linguistics, University of Rochester, USA.
2013 (March. “The Dimension of change: A factor in the robustness of telic interpretations.” Workshop on Slavic Linguistics. Organizer: Susan Rothstein, Department of English/Gonda Brain Research Centre, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
2012 (March). “Talking generically.” Workshop on Slavic Linguistics. Organizer: Susan Rothstein, Department of English/Gonda Brain Research Centre, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
2011 (December). “Measures on Events.” Colloquium talk, Department of Slavic Languages and Department of Linguistics, University of Tübingen, Germany.
2011 (December). “Prefixes and the aspectual structure of verbs.” Workshop on Particle Verbs and Lexical Aspect University of Stuttgart, Germany.
2011 (April). “Sums and Scales.” Workshop on Scalarity in Verb-Based Constructions, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
2011 (February). “Partial Objects and Imperfectivity.” Conference on Bilingualer Sprachvergleich und Typologie: Tschechisch-Deutsch / Deutsch-Tschechisch (‘Bilingual Comparative Linguistics and Typology: Czech-German / German-Czech‘). University of Regensburg, Germany.
2009 (August). “Characterizing Genericity.” Colloquium talk, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
2009 (February). A series of four lectures on aspect, indefinites and genericity. Charles University, Faculty of Arts, Institute of Czech Language and Theory of Communication, Prague, Czech Republic.
2007 (March). “Indefinites.” Department of Linguistics. Princeton University, USA.
2005 (June). “Telicity and Perfectivity.” Workshop on Theoretical and Crosslinguistic Approaches to the Semantics of Aspect. Organizer: Susan Rothstein, Department of English/Gonda Brain Research Centre, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
2004 (May). “The Telicity Parameter Revisited.” Department for Scandinavian Linguistics and Literature. University of Oslo, Norway.
2004 (May) . “Measures and Indefinites.” Colloquium talk at the Center for Advanced Studies in Theoretical Linguistics. University of Tromsø, Norway.
2003 (September). “Prefixed Verbs and Interpretation of Bare Arguments.” Workshop on Tense and Aspect organized by Gillian Ramchand at the Linguistic Association of Great Britain (LAGB) Autumn Meeting, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
2003 (February). “Imperfectivity: Its Delimitation in the Slavic Verbal System.” Workshop on Grammatical Polysemy: The Case of Imperfective Aspect in Russian. University of Leipzig, Germany.
2002 (December). “(In)Definite Descriptions.” Department of Linguistics, Université de Genève. Genève, Switzerland.
2002 (January). “Individual-Level Predicates as Restrictors in Generic Quantification.” Linguistics Colloquium. Department of Linguistics, Stanford University, USA.
2001 (November). “Interaction of Genericity, I-level vs. S-level Predicate Distinction and Case Morphology.” Workshop on Genericity. Organizers: Hans-Jürgen Sasse and Leila Behrens, Köln University, Germany.
2001 (July). “The Semantics of Case in Russian Secondary Predicates.” Department of Linguistics, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Germany.
2001 (May). “The Semantics of Case in Russian Secondary Predicates.” Department of Linguistics, University of Chicago, USA.
1999 (November). “Reduced Relatives: A Lexical Constraint-Based Approach.” Cognitive Science Brownbag Colloquium. Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, USA.
1999 (October). “Reduced Relatives: A Lexical Constraint-Based Approach.” Linguistics Colloquium. Department of Linguistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
1997 (July). Commentator on the presentations by Sabine Iatridou and Alessandro Zucchi. Workshop on Crosslinguistic Variation in Semantics. Organizers: Gennaro Chierchia, Sally McConnell-Ginet and Molly Diesing. 1997 Summer Institute, Linguistic Society of America, Cornell University, USA.
1997 (June). “Aspect and Aktionsart in Slavic Languages.” Workshop on Events as Grammatical Objects, From the Combined Perspectives of Lexical Semantics, Logical Semantics and Syntax. Organizer: Carol Tenny. 1997 Summer Institute, Linguistic Society of America, Cornell University, USA.
1997 (March). “Sui Generis Genericity.” Linguistics Colloquium. Department of Linguistics, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
1996 (April). “Aspect and Lexical Quantification.” Department of Linguistics, University of Amherst at Massachusetts, USA.
1992 (May). “Verbal Aspect and Nominal Argument Interpretation.” Linguistics Colloquium. Department of Linguistics, The University of Texas at Austin, USA.
1989 (May). “A Semantic Analysis of German BE-verbs.” Symposium on Cognitive Linguistics. Universität Duisburg, Germany.
1988 (June). “Aspectual Properties of the AN-Construction in German.” Seventh Groningen Round-table: ‘Tense-Aspect–Modus.’ [Typology of the Lexical and Grammatical Forms in the Germanic Languages.] Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, the Netherlands.
CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP LECTURES, POSTERS
2021 (September). “Metaphorical Measure Expressions.”(with Peter R. Sutton, Mia Windhearn and Todd Snider). Sinn und Bedeutung 26. University of Cologne, Germany.
2019 (December). “Singular/Plural contrasts: The case of Informational Object Nouns.” (with Peter R. Sutton). The Twenty-Second Amsterdam Colloquium, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
2019 (October). “Aspectual Forms in Generic Sentences.” The 16th conference of the Slavic Cognitive Linguistics Association (SCLC-2019), Harvard University, USA.
2019 (September). “Informational Object Nouns and the Mass/Count Distinction” (with Peter R. Sutton). TbiLLC 2019: The Thirteenth International Tbilisi Symposium on Language, Logic and Computation, Batumi, Georgia.
2019 (September). “Informational Object Nouns and the Mass/Count Distinction” (with Peter R. Sutton). The twelfth conference on Syntax, Phonology and Language Analysis (SinFonIJA), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
2019 (September). “Informational Object Nouns and the Mass/Count Distinction” (with Peter R. Sutton). Sinn und Bedeutung 24. University of Osnabrück, Germany.
2019 (February). “Informational object Nouns and the mass/count distinction” (with Peter R. Sutton). Berkeley Linguistics Society Workshop: Countability Distinctions. University of Califonia at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA.
2018 (May). “Exceed comparison and A/B numeral modifiers in Czech” (with Mojmír Dočekal and Marcin Wągiel). The 27th annual meeting of Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics, Stanford University, USA.
2018 (March) . “Object Mass Nouns in Japanese” (with Kurt Erbach, Peter R. Sutton and Kathrin Byrdeck). Workshop on One-to-many relations in morphology, syntax, and semantics, organized by Berthold Crysmann. The 40th Annual Meeting of the German Linguistic Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sprachwissenschaft), Stuttgart, Germany.
2018 (January). “Object Mass Nouns in Japanese.” (with Kurt Erbach, Peter R. Sutton and Kathrin Byrdeck). Poster at the 92nd Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Salt Lake City, USA.
2017 (December). “Object Mass Nouns in Japanese.” (with Kurt Erbach, Peter R. Sutton and Kathrin Byrdeck). The 21st Amsterdam Colloquium, the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (ILLC) of the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
2017 (November). “Coercion: Container, Contents and Measure Readings” (with Peter R. Sutton). Workshop on Approaches to Coercion and Polysemy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
2017 (September). “Hungarian measure phrases, bare singular nouns, and mass/count distinction” (with Kurt Erbach and Peter R. Sutton). TbiLLC 2017: The 12th International Tbilisi Symposium on Language, Logic and Computation, Lagodekhi, Georgia.
2017 (May). “Singular Count NPs in Measure Constructions” (with Peter R. Sutton). Poster at SALT 27 (Semantics and Linguistic Theory), University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
2017 (March). “Mass-to-count coercion in ‘granular’ nouns” (with Peter R. Sutton). Workshop on Coercion Across Linguistic Field. The 39th Annual Conference of the German Linguistic Society, Saarbrücken, Germany.
2017 (March). “Object Mass Nouns in Japanese” (with Kathrin Byrdeck, Kurt Erbach, Peter R. Sutton). The 18th Szklarska Poręba Workshop on the Roots of Pragmasemantics, Szklarska Poręba, Poland.
2016 (October). “Perfectivity: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective.“ Workshop on Verbal aspect in contrast: Evidence from Slavic, Romance and Germanic languages, The Norwegian Institute in Rome, Italy.
2016 (September). “Restrictions on Subkind Coercion.” The 6th Annual Bar-Ilan Slavic/Semantics Workshop. Organizer: Susan Rothstein, Department of English/Gonda Brain Research Centre, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
2016 (September). “Restrictions on Subkind Coercion in Superordinate Object Mass Nouns” (with Peter R. Sutton). Sinn und Bedeutung 21, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
2016 (August). “The Semantics of Perfectivity.” Workshop on The profile of event delimitation. Organizers: Lucia. M. Tovena (Université Paris VII) and Marta Donazzan (University of Cologne). The 49th Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea. University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
2016 (August). “Countability: Individuation and Context” (with Peter R. Sutton). The 21st Conference on Formal Grammar, associated with The 28th European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information (ESSLLI), Bolzano, Italy.
2016 (June). “Countability: Vagueness and the Resolution of Overlap in Context” (with Peter R. Sutton). Workshop on Countability, organized by the SFB 991 (Collaborative Research Centre 991) project “Frame-Based Analysis of Countability”, University of Düsseldorf, Germany.
2016 (May). “Counting in context” (with Peter R. Sutton). Poster at SALT 26 (Semantics and Linguistic Theory), The University of Texas at Austin, USA.
2015 (December). “Mass/Count Variation: A mereological, two-dimensional semantics” (with Peter R. Sutton). 11th International Symposium of Cognition, Logic and Communication; Number: Cognitive, Semantic and Crosslinguistic Approaches. University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
2015 (November). “Towards a Typology of Perfective Operators.” The Aspectual Semantic Zone: Typology of Systems and Scripts of Diachronic Progresses. Kyoto Sangyo University, Japan.
2015 (September). “A probabilistic, mereological account of the mass/count distinction” (with Peter R. Sutton). TbiLLC 2015: The Eleventh International Tbilisi Symposium on Language, Logic and Computation, Tbilisi, Georgia.
2015 (September). “Countability in probabilistic mereological type theory with records” (with Peter R. Sutton). Semantics and Philosophy in Europe. 8th Colloquium. Cambridge, United Kingdom.
2015 (September). “Vagueness, Overlap, and Countability” (with Peter R. Sutton). (Poster). Sinn und Bedeutung 20, Tübingen, Germany.
2015 (August). “Probabilistic Mereological TTR and the Mass/Count Distinction” (with Peter R. Sutton). Workshop on Type Theory and Lexical Semantics, ESSLLI 2015, Barcelona, Spain.
2015 (August). “Grammaticalization of Generic Markers.” Workshop on Habituality and Genericity in Flux, organized by Nora Boneh and Łukasz Jedrzejowski. The 22nd International Conference on Historical Linguistics. University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
2014 (June). “Perfectivity as Maximization over Event Stages” (with Daniel Altshuler). Chronos 11. 11th International Conference on Actionality, Tense, Aspect, Modality/Evidentiality. Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.
2014 (June). “Meaning Components in the Constitution of Russian Verbs: Presuppositions or implicatures?” (with Yulia Zinova). SALT 24 (Semantics and Linguistic Theory), New York University, New York, USA.
2014 (May). “Scalar Implicatures of Russian Verbs” (with Yulia Zinova). Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics 23, University of California at Berkeley, Berkely, USA.
2013 (December). “The Role of Derivational History in Aspect Determination” (with Yulia Zinova). The 10th European Conference on Formal Description of Slavic Languages (FDSL-10), University of Leipzig, Germany.
2013 (September). “Predicting the Grammatical Aspect Category in Russian” (with Yulia Zinova). Workshop on Aspect held at the 10th International Tbilisi Symposium on Language, Logic and Computation (TbiLLC), Gudauri, Georgia.
2012 (December). “Dimensions of Telicity.” Workshop on Aspect Across Languages, held as part of the Australian Linguistic Society Annual Conference (ALS 2012), Perth, Australia.
2009 (May). “Habituals and Q-adverbs.” Conference on Genericity: Interpretation and Uses. École normale supérieure, Paris, France.
2009 (April). “Imperfectivity and genericity: A non-reductionist analysis.” Workshop on Imperfective Form and Imperfective Meaning. Department of Linguistics, Yale University, USA.
2008 (July). “Telicity by Parts, Degrees and Ends.” 18th International Congress of Linguists, Seoul, South Korea.
2007 (December). “Indefinites in Slavic: A cross-linguistic and Slavic perspective.” The Annual Meeting of the American Association of Teachers of East European Languages (AATSEEL). Chicago, USA.
2005 (December). “Negative Yes/No-questions with the positive epistemic implicature.” The Annual Meeting of the American Association of Teachers of East European Languages (AATSEEL). Washington, DC., USA.
2005 (May). “Telicity as a Semantic Parameter.” Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics (FASL 14). Princeton University, Princeton, USA.
2004 (January). “The Semantic Structure of Prefixed Verbs and their Arguments.” Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Boston, USA.
2001 (May). “The Semantics of Case in Russian Secondary Predicates.” SALT 11 (Semantics and Linguistic Theory), New York University, New York, USA.
2000 (October). “The Semantics of Case in Russian Secondary Predicates” (with Chris Kennedy). Workshop on Predicative Constructions, Zentrum für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (‘Center for General Linguistics’). Berlin, Germany.
1998 (May). “Context for Definite Reference: An Experimental Account” (with Craig Chambers, Michael K. Tanenhaus, Gregory N. Carlson). The Annual Meeting of the Canadian Linguistics Association. Ottawa, Canada.
1998 (March). “Reduced Relatives Judged Hard Refute Lexical Syntactic Analysis.” (with Michael K. Tanenhaus, Gregory N. Carlson, Paul D. Allopenna and Joshua Blatt). The Eleventh Annual CUNY Conference on Human Sentence Processing. New Brunswick, N. J., USA.
1998 (March). “Uniqueness and Referential Domains” (with Craig Chambers, Michael K. Tanenhaus, Kathleen M. Eberhard, Gregory N. Carlson). Poster presented at The Eleventh Annual CUNY Conference on Human Sentence Processing. New Brunswick, N. J., USA.
1998 (February). “Lexical Constraint-Based Approach to Reduced Relatives.” The Twenty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. University of California at Berkeley, USA.
1998 (January). “The Quantization Puzzle.” Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, New York, USA.
1998 (January). “Definites, Indefinites and the On-Line Construction of Referential Domains” (with Craig Chambers, Michael K. Tanenhaus, Gregory N. Carlson). Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, New York, USA.
1997 (December). “Distributivity Strengthens Reciprocity and Collectivity Weakens It” (with Gregory N. Carlson. Conference on Semantics organized by Edit Doron and Fred Landman. Jerusalem, Israel.
1997 (April). “Constraint-Based Approach to Aspect Shift and Coercion.” The Thirty-Third Annual Meeting of Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago, USA.
1997 (February). “Sui Generis Genericity” (with Gregory N. Carlson). The Twenty-First Penn Linguistics Colloquium. The University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, USA.
1995 (January). “Psychological Verbs and the Syntax-Semantics Interface.” Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, New Orleans, USA.
1994 (November). “Psychological Verbs and Conceptual Structure.” Conference on Conceptual Structure, Discourse and Language. University of California at San Diego. La Jolla, USA.
1994 (May). “Integrating Telicity, Aspect and NP Semantics: The Role of Thematic Structure.” A symposium on Aspect: Current Perspectives sponsored by the University of California at Los Angeles Center for European and Russian Studies and Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, Los Angeles, USA.
1994 (May) . “Integrating Telicity, Aspect and NP Semantics: The Role of Thematic Structure.” The Third Annual Workshop on Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics, University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
1993 (May). “Quantificational Morphology.” The Second Annual Workshop on Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Boston, USA.
1993 (February). “Habitual and Generic Sentences: A Case Study in Czech.” The Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. University of California at Berkeley, USA.
1993 (January). “Habitual and Generic Sentences: A Case Study in Czech.” Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Los Angeles, USA.
1992 (November). “Event Structure and Semantics of Nominal Expressions.” Conference on The Relationship between Linguistic and Conceptual Representation organized by the Max-Planck Institute, Nijmegen, and the Linguistic Society of Belgium. Antwerp, Belgium.
1992 (November). “Aspect and the Semantics of Quantity of Nominal and Verbal Expressions.” The Ninth Eastern States Conference on Linguistics,State University of New York at Buffalo. Buffalo, USA.
1992 (November). “Verbal Aspect and Object Case Marking: A Comparison between Czech and Finnish.” Cognitive Linguistics Workshop, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, and University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA.
1992 (October). “Verbal Aspect and Object Case Marking: A Comparison between Czech and Finnish.” The Twenty-Second Western Conference on Linguistics. The University of Arizona at Tucson, USA.
1992 (April). “Aspect and Interpretation of Nominal Arguments.” The Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of Chicago Linguistic Society. The University of Chicago, USA.
1991 (July). “Aspect and Individuation.” Second International Cognitive Linguistics Association Conference. University of California at Santa Cruz, USA.
1991 (May). “The Role of ‘Incremental Theme’ in the Constitution of Aspect Semantics.” The Fifth Annual Cognitive Linguistics Workshop. The University of California at San Diego, USA.
1990 (October). “Thematic Roles and Aktionsart.” The Twentieth Western Conference on Linguistics. The University of Texas at El Paso, USA.
1989 (December). “Nominal Reference and Aspect: Aspectually Determined Sort-Shifting in Czech.” Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Washington, D.C, USA.
1989 (February). “The ‘Missing Subjects’ in German.” The Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. University of California at Berkeley, USA.
1987 (October) . “German BE-verbs Revisited.” The First Annual Cognitive Linguistics Workshop. University of California at Berkeley, USA.